🧬 Reconstructed genome may help us revive the mammoth

• Scientists have succeeded in reconstructing the mammoth's genome and the 3D structure of its chromosomes from a 52,000-year-old tissue sample.
• The study shows that the mammoth's genome structure is similar to that of the modern elephant, which could facilitate the revival of the mammoth.
• The discovery of "chromoglass" opens new possibilities for research on extinct species.

Groundbreaking study of mammoth DNA

A research team led by Erez Lieberman Aiden at Baylor College of Medicine has managed to reconstruct the woolly mammoth's genome and the 3D structure of its chromosomes from a 52,000-year-old skin sample, Science reports.

The study, published in the journal Cell on July 11, provides new insights into this extinct species and could have significant implications for future research on ancient DNA.

The well-preserved skin sample from a mammoth that died in Siberia 52,000 years ago proved to be a goldmine for researchers. The sample contained intact hair follicles and chromatin - DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes - in a glass-like state where the molecules were tightly packed. This state, which researchers call "chromoglass", forms when tissues dry out.

Similarities with modern elephants

The analysis of the mammoth's genome structure showed great similarities with modern elephants. Both species have 28 chromosomes with almost identical structure. This similarity could be of great help to researchers working on elephant conservation and potentially also for projects aiming to recreate mammoths.

The genome's architecture also provides valuable information about which genes were active in mammoth skin. Researchers could see that the expression of genes linked to hair follicle development differed from modern elephants. This type of information can help scientists better understand the mammoth's adaptations to its environment.

Chromoglass opens new possibilities

The discovery of chromoglass could have major implications for research on extinct species. Researchers believe that this type of well-preserved DNA may be found in other remains in Siberian permafrost, and perhaps even in other types of ancient tissues such as Egyptian mummies.

While the study focused on skin tissue, it remains to be seen if similar results can be achieved with other tissue types. This would be crucial for a more complete understanding of mammoth genetics and function.

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